Video Poker Glossary
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Central Limit Theorem
A mathematical theorem that states, for any set of independent random variates with finite variance, that the cumulative distribution function of a normalized (scaled) sum of such variates approaches the cumulative distribution function for a normal distribution, as the number of variates increases. Under certain circumstance, the theorem states that the width of the central region of the associated probability distribution function narrows, and approaches zero, as the number of random trials (variants) increases and that the shape (of the central region) of the PDF approaches a normal PDF as the number of trials increases. If all variates are from a single uncorrelated random process, the theorem states that variance decreases as 1/sqrt(n) where n is the number of trials. Since each video poker hand is independent of all other hands, and since video poker's variance is finite, The Central Limit Theorem holds for all video poker, and the variance scales as 1/sqrt(n), where n is the number of hands. However, at the same time, the total bet or coin-in has been increasing proportional to n. Thus the variance in real units (dollars) increases without limit as the player continues to gamble.
See also: PDF, Coin-in, Variance, Central Limit.
Expectation
  1. Often used in place of the mean or expected value, especially as ""The Expectation"
  2. Involving the mathematical operation equivalent to averaging over some quantity of a distribution, random process or data set. If the quantity is the value itself, the expectation is the mean. If the quantity is the value minus the mean squared, the expectation is the variance.
Gaming Control Board
A state or county agency that enforces policies set by the gaming commission, investigates allegations of cheating and provides background information on persons or corporations requesting licensing as operators of gambling establishments.
Hold
The amount a game return to the casino. That is the Hold is the amount players lose. Casinos set the theo at or below the Hold.
Kelly Betting
a (money management) strategy that sets the wager amount for optimal bankroll growth. Under Kelly Betting, the bet size is chosen based on the game's return and current bankroll size. For video poker, bet sizes are limited to certain common denominations. For that, and other reasons, strict Kelly Betting is not practical with video poker. On the other hand, Kelly Betting can be used to estimate the bankroll requirements for a given positive expectation game or playing situation with a fixed bet size. Kelly Betting does not elucidate the Risk of Ruin, however.
Probability Density Function
A function describing the probability of event occurring for all possible events. For video poker, the set of events are precisely the possible winning hands along with "nada" the event for a non-winning hand. The probability of each winning hand (and nada) depend on the strategy, and can be obtained by numerical simulation or direct computation (hand enumeration). From the Probability Density Function, one can compute the game return and variance (that is, from the first and second moments).
See also: Cumulative Distribution Function.
Progressive
A video poker game in which the payout for one or more hands increases until that hand is hit. When the hand is hit, the payout for the hand is reset to some predetermined value. The Progressive payout value grows in proportion the total amount wagered on the video poker machine or on a group of similar machines. Since the value of payout on a Progressive machine alters the pay table, the game return depends on the Progressive payout value. Optimal strategy also depends on the value of the Progressive payout.
Set
See Three Of A Kind.
Spin Poker
A video poker game which features a set of 5 spinning wheels, similar to a slot machine, but play exactly the same as standard multi-play, except with increased variance. Instead of additional hands (displayed individual), in Spin Poker, the "hands" are formed by reel-slot machine like "lines&quot
Variance
A measure of the variability of a data set or random process. The variance describes how far values lie from the mean (the first moment of the distribution), and is used, along with the mean, and higher moments, to characterize a probability distribution. The Variance is defined as the expectation of (X-µ)^2 where X is value and µ is the expected value or mean. While the combination of the variance and the mean fully describe a normal distribution (gaussian) they are not sufficient to describe the strongly non-normal distribution for video poker. Nonetheless, variance is an important factor to consider and understand in many aspects of video poker. For video poker, typical values of the Variance range roughly from 15 (PKM) to 100 (DBDJ) and is in units of the bet squared.
See also: Standard Deviation, Expectation, Expected Value, PKM, DBDJ.
W2-G
An IRS Tax form a casino issues to players who "win" under certain condition. For video poker, a W2-G must be issued for "wins" of $1200 or more. The $1200 threshold is fixed and independent of amount wagered. Ironically, a $5 50-play Video Poker machine (played at max-bet of $1250), a $1200 payout would represent a loss. To comply with the IRS law, Video Poker and slot machines "lock up" upon a $1200 or more "win" and the player must wait for a slot attendant to both unlock the machine (and return it to normal play conditions) and bring the tax form. Non-US residents (non-resident aliens) and players without proper identification (and do not produce a TIN) will have tax withholding taken from their W2-G payouts, while others can opt to receive the entire win. At many casinos, players can request a "reset" which may allow them to return to playing quicker had they had to wait to receive the tax form and payout in the normal means. Often resets are only available in high limit rooms. Players may also request a consolidated W2-G, in which case they will receive a single W2-G for all their jackpots for a specified period of time (usually the "slot day") rather then one W2-G for each win. In general, IRS Form 1099 are not given for Video Poker wins (unless the win involves a free drawing or lottery scenario). Neither a W2-G or 1099 are given for wins paid in "Free Play".
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